Edith Cresson Becomes France's First Female Prime Minister

May 15 is the 135nd day of the year (136rd in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 230 days left until the end of the year.

Railways

15 May1891 The Lefke-Bilecik line (36 km) was opened. 125 thousand francs were spent per kilometer.
15 May 1923 acquires some shares of the Orient Bank of Zurich in Zurich. This bank; Anatolian Railways, Haydarpasa Port, Konya Plain Irva and Iska Company and Mersin-Tarsus-Adana was in control of the railways.

Events

1648 – The Treaty of Westphalia is signed, ending the Thirty Years' War.
1718 - London lawyer James Puckle invented the machine gun.
1756 – The Seven Years' War, also known as the Franco-Indian war, begins when Great Britain declares war on the Kingdom of France in the struggle for dominance in North America.
1856 – Anadolu Feneri and Rumeli Lighthouse were built and operated by the French.
1873 – Darüşşafaka High School was established.
1919 – Mustafa Kemal, in Yıldız Palace Küçük Mabeyn Mansion, Sultan VI. He met with Mehmed Vahideddin.
1919 – The Greeks, with the support of the Allies, occupied İzmir. Journalist Hasan Tahsin and Head of Military Service Colonel Süleyman Fethi were killed by Greek soldiers and became the first martyrs of the Turkish War of Independence.
1924 – Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi students opened their first painting exhibition in Istanbul.
1928 – The cartoon, in which the Mickey Mouse character, created by Walt Disney, appears for the first time. plane crazy entered the show.
1932 - The first to publish Kurdish with the Latin alphabet hawar magazine began its publication life.
1933 – Russian novelist Maxim Gorky, while crossing from Italy to Russia, came to Istanbul and visited the Suleymaniye Mosque and some museums.
1935 – The Moscow metro, the construction of which was started by Josef Stalin in 1931 and one of the largest metros in the world, was opened.
1940 – McDonald's was founded in America.
1958 - The Soviet Union launched the Sputnik 3 satellite.
1960 - The Soviet Union launched the Sputnik 4 satellite.
1963 – American astronaut Gordon Cooper was launched into space with the capsule named 'Mercury-Atlas 8' to perform the longest space flight ever made. Cooper spent 34 hours and 19 minutes in space.
1966 – In Washington, DC, 8000 people protested the Vietnam War around the White House for two hours.
1969 – With the adoption of the constitutional amendment in the Parliament, the former Democrat Party members were given the opportunity to return their political rights.
1972 – The island of Okinawa, which had been under US occupation since 1945, was given back to the administration of Japan.
1980 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): At the end of the mawlid prayer for Regaip Kandili, which was read in a mosque in Istanbul and broadcast live on television, Atatürk's name was mentioned, and a group hooted. "Damn!" he shouted. After the incident, Chief of General Staff Kenan Evren and the commanders held a meeting.
1984 – 1256 intellectuals submitted a petition titled “Observations and requests regarding the democratic order in Turkey” to President Kenan Evren. A lawsuit was filed against the initiative known as the Intellectuals Petition.
1988 – After more than 8 years of fighting, the Soviet Red Army begins to withdraw from Afghanistan.
1990 - by Vincent Van Gogh Dr. Portrait of Gachet The painting was sold for 82,5 million dollars, the highest price ever paid for a painting.
1991 - Edith Cresson becomes France's first female Prime Minister.
1995 – In Germany, Cemalettin Kaplan, who campaigned against Turkey and Atatürk, declared himself caliph and was called the 'Black Voice' in Turkey, died.
1996 - Lookout newspaper began publication.
1997 – The Peace Prize of the German Book Publishers Association was given to Yaşar Kemal.
2004 – In the 49th Eurovision Song Contest held in Istanbul, Ruslana brought Ukraine the first place.
2011 – In the 56th Eurovision Song Contest held in Düsseldorf, the duo of Eldar Kasımov and Nigar Camal brought Azerbaijan the first place.

Births

1397 – Sejong, king of the Joseon Dynasty (d. 1450)
1567 – Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer (d. 1643)
1633 – Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, French architect (d. 1707)
1773 – Klemens von Metternich, Austrian diplomat (d. 1859)
1808 – Michael William Balfe, Irish musician, conductor, opera singer, and composer (d. 1870)
1845 – Ilya Mechnikov, Ukrainian microbiologist (d. 1916)
1848 - Viktor Vasnetsov, Russian painter (d. 1926)
1854 – Yannis Psikaris, Greek linguist and writer (d. 1929)
1856 – Matthias Zurbriggen, Swiss mountaineer (d. 1917)
1857 Williamina Fleming, Scottish astronomer (d. 1911)
1859 – Pierre Curie, French physicist (d. 1906)
1862 – Arthur Schnitzler, Austrian writer (d. 1931)
1890 – Katherine Anne Porter, American short story writer (d. 1980)
1891 – Mikhail Bulgakov, Russian novelist (d. 1940)
1898 – Arletty, French actress and singer (d. 1992)
1900 – Reşit Rahmeti Arat, Turkish academic and linguist (d. 1964)
1901 – Luis Monti, Argentinean-Italian football player (d. 1983)
1903 – Maria Reiche, German mathematician and archaeologist (d. 1998)
1904 – Sadi Irmak, Turkish medical doctor and politician (former Prime Minister of Turkey) (d. 1990)
1909 – James Mason, American actor (d. 1984)
1911 – Max Frisch, Swiss author and architect (d. 1991)
1915 – Paul A. Samuelson, American economist and 1970 Nobel Prize winner in Economics (d. 2009)
1923 – Richard Avedon, American photographer (d. 2004)
1923 – Angel Mojsovski, Macedonian communist activist (d. 2001)
1925 – Dündar Taşer, Turkish soldier, May 27 coup d'état and member of the National Unity Committee (d. 1972)
1926 – Anthony Shaffer, English playwright, novelist, and screenwriter (d. 2001)
1926 – Peter Shaffer, English playwright and screenwriter (d. 2016)
1926 – Sabahattin Zaim, Turkish economist and academic (d. 2007)
1932 – Turgay Şeren, Turkish football player and coach (d. 2016)
1933 – Kemal İnci, Turkish film actor, director and screenwriter
1934 – Enver Asfandiyarov, Soviet Russian/Bashkir scientist, historian and professor (d. 2014)
1935 – Sezgin Burak, Turkish cartoonist and comics artist (d. 1978)
1936 – Ralph Steadman, American writer
1937 – Madeleine Albright, American politician and 64th US Secretary of State (d. 2022)
1937 – Trini López, American singer, guitarist, and actor (d. 2020)
1938 – Mireille Darc, French model and actress (d. 2017)
1939 – Gilberto Rincón Gallardo, Mexican politician (d. 2008)
1940 – Roger Ailes, American politician (d. 2017)
1940 – Cetin Dogan, Turkish soldier
1941 – Özdemir Sabancı, Turkish businessman (d. 1996)
1942 – Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Esvatinian politician (d. 2018)
1944 – Ulrich Beck, German sociologist, physician, and publisher (d. 2015)
1946 – Serdar Gökhan, Turkish actor
1947 – Paulo de Carvalho, Portuguese singer-songwriter
1947 – Aydan Siyavuş, Turkish basketball player and basketball coach (d. 1998)
1947 – Niall Duthie, Scottish novelist
1948 – Brian Eno, British composer, producer, keyboardist and singer
1949 – Ersan Erdura, Turkish singer and actor
1949 – Elvira Rodríguez, Spanish economist
1951 – Frank Wilczek, American theoretical physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics
1952 – Chazz Palminteri, Italian-American actor
1953 – Mike Oldfield, English singer and composer
1954 – Eric Gerets, Belgian football player and manager
1955 – Mohammed Al-Brahmi, Tunisian dissident and politician (d. 2013)
1955 – Claudia Roth, German politician
1958 – Berhan Şimşek, Turkish film actor, director and politician
1959 – Andrew Eldritch, English vocalist
1959 – Ronald Pofalla, German politician
1961 Katrin Cartlidge, English actress (d. 2002)
1961 – Melle Mel, American hip hop recording artist
1965 – Irina Kirillova, Croatian national volleyball player of Russian origin
1965 – Raí, Brazilian former football player
1967 – Simen Agdestein, Norwegian chess grandmaster and former national football player
1967 - Madhuri Dixit, Indian actress
1967 – Andrea Jürgens, German musician and singer (d. 2017)
1970 – Frank de Boer, former Dutch national football player
1970 – Ronald de Boer, Dutch football player
1971 – Zubeyir Beye, Tunisian former football player
1972 – Ulrike C. Tscharre, German actress
1975 – Peter Iwers, Swedish bass guitarist (In Flames)
1976 – Jacek Krzynówek, Polish national football player
1979 – Adolfo Bautista, Mexican football player
1981 – Patrice Evra, French former football player
1981 – Renato Dirnei Florêncio, Brazilian midfielder
1982 – Segundo Castillo, Ecuadorian national football player
1982 – Veronica Campbell, Jamaican sprinter
1982 – Jessica Sutta, American singer and composer
1983 – Sibel Mirkelam, Turkish singer
1983 – Josh Simpson, Canadian former football player
1985 – Carl Medjani, Algerian football player
1987 – Doruk Çetin, Turkish director, photographer and producer
1987 – Ersan İlyasova, Turkish national basketball player
1987 – Kevin Constant, Guinean football player
1987 – Thaisa Daher De Menezes, Brazilian volleyball player
1987 – Andy Murray, Scottish tennis player
1989 – James Holland, Australian national football player
1989 – Sunny, South Korea-based American singer, actress
1996 – Jasmine Lucilla Elizabeth Jennifer van den Bogaerde, with her stage name Birdy, British musician
1997 – Ousmane Dembélé, French football player

Deaths

392 – II. Valentinian was emperor of Rome from 375-392.
884 – Marinus I, Pope
1036 – Go-Ichijō, 68th emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1008)
1157 – Yuri Dolgoruki is the first Rurikid prince. (b. 1099)
1174 – Nureddin Mahmud Zengi, Aleppo Atabe of the Great Seljuks (b. 1118)
1461 – Domenico Veneziano, Italian painter (b. 1410)
1470 – VIII. Karl was king of Sweden (1448-1457, 1464-1465, and 1467-1470) and king of Norway (1449-1450) (b. 1408)
1634 – Hendrick Avercamp, Dutch painter (b. 1585)
1782 – Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Portuguese statesman (b. 1699)
1850 – Nükhetseza Hanım, ninth wife of Abdülmecid (b. 1827)
1886 – Emily Dickinson, American poet (b. 1830)
1914 – Baha Tevfik, Ottoman intellectual and writer (b. 1884)
1919 – Hasan Tahsin, Turkish journalist (who shot the first bullet in the occupation of Izmir) (b. 1888)
1919 – Süleyman Fethi Bey, Turkish soldier (Ottoman officer killed by 22 bayonet blows during the occupation of İzmir) (b. 1877)
1929 – Rebeca Matte Bello, Chilean sculptor (b. 1875)
1935 – Kazimir Malevich, Russian painter and art theorist (b. 1879)
1937 – Philip Snowden, English socialist politician (b. 1864)
1941 – Ulrich Grauert, German Luftwaffe general (b. 1889)
1967 – Edward Hopper, American painter and printmaker (b. 1882)
1978 – Abdurrahman Şeref Güzelyazıcı, Turkish poet, librarian, mystic and preacher (b. 1904)
1978 – Robert Menzies, Australian lawyer and politician (b. 1894)
1986 – Elio de Angelis, Italian racing driver in Formula 1 (b. 1958)
1989 – Johnny Green, American songwriter, composer, arranger, conductor, and pianist (b. 1908)
1991 – İhsan Yüce, Turkish theater and cinema artist (b. 1929)
1994 – Gilbert Roland, Mexican-American actor (b. 1905)
1997 – Turhan Oğuzbaş, Turkish poet (b. 1933)
1998 – Naim Talu, Turkish bureaucrat, politician and former Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1919)
2003 – June Carter Cash, American musician (b. 1929)
2008 – Willis Eugene Lamb, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1913)
2009 – Susanna Agnelli, Italian politician (b. 1922)
2010 – Besian Idrizaj, Austrian professional footballer of Albanian descent (b. 1987)
2011 – Samuel Wanjiru, Kenyan athlete (b. 1986)
2012 – Carlos Fuentes Macías, Mexican writer (b. 1928)
2012 – Zekeriya Muhiddin, Egyptian soldier and statesman (b. 1918)
2013 – Henrique Rosa, Former Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1946)
2014 – Jean Luc Dehaene, 46th Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Belgium (b. 1940)
2015 – Bob Hopkins, American former basketball player and head coach (b. 1934)
2016 – İsmail Hakkı Akansel, Turkish soldier and former mayor of Istanbul Municipality (b. 1924)
2016 – Oya Aydoğan, Turkish film actress (b. 1957)
2016 – Erika Berger, German television presenter and author (b. 1939)
2016 – André Brahic, French astrophysicist (b. 1942)
2017 – Karl-Otto Apel, German philosopher and professor (b. 1922)
2017 – Herbert Richard Axelrod, American tropical fish expert, author of pet books, publisher, and entrepreneur (b. 1927)
2017 – Nasser Giveçi, Iranian wrestler (b. 1932)
2017 – Chu Ke-liang, Taiwanese comedian, actor, TV host, and singer (b. 1946)
2017 – Subrahmanyan Ramaswamy, Indian politician and bureaucrat (b. 1937)
2017 – Oleg Vidov, Soviet Russian-American actor, film producer, director, and voice actor (b. 1943)
2019 – Robert LeRoy Diamond, American actor and lawyer (b. 1943)
2019 – Ikuo Kamei, Japanese politician (b. 1933)
2019 – Charles Kittel, American physicist (b. 1916)
2019 – Eduardo Alejandro Roca, Argentine lawyer, academic and diplomat (b. 1921)
2020 – Claes Gustaf Borgström, Swedish lawyer and politician (b. 1944)
2020 – Ezio Bosso, Italian composer, conductor and classical musician (b. 1971)
2020 – Denny DeMarchi, Canadian multi-instrumentalist rock musician and songwriter (b. 1962)
2020 – Sergio Denis, Argentine pop singer, songwriter, musician, composer and actor (b. 1949)
2020 – Franco Nenci, Italian middleweight boxer (b. 1935)
2020 – Phil May, English singer, songwriter and musician (b. 1944)
2020 – Henrik Pontén, Swedish lawyer (b. 1965)
2020 – Olga Savary, Brazilian writer, poet and literary critic (b. 1933)
2020 – Frederick Charles “Fred” Willard, American comedian and actor (b. 1933)
2021 – Đorđe Marjanović, Serbian-Yugoslav singer (b. 1931)
2022 – Robert Cogoi, Belgian singer (b. 1939)
2022 – Ignacy Gogolewski, Polish actor (b. 1931)
2022 – Knox Martin, American painter and sculptor (b. 1923)
2022 – Stevan Ostojić, Serbian football player and football manager (b. 1941)