Today in History: Süleyman Demirel Says Attempting to Change the Regime Is Not a Political Crime

January 27 is the 27nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 338.

Railways

• 27 January 1906 Hicaz Railway Operation Administration was established and construction works and operation were separated. Until that time, the 750 km rail was installed on the Hejaz Railway.

Events

• 1521 – Battle of Mastaba: The Canberdi Gazali Rebellion was suppressed.
• 1695 – II. With Ahmet's death, II. Mustafa became the Ottoman sultan.
• 1785 – The University of Georgia (United States) was founded.
• 1880 - Thomas Edison patented the electric light bulb.
• 1901 - German Fountain opened.
• 1915 – The United States Navy invades Haiti.
• 1918 - The first film based on "Tarzan", created by the American novelist Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan of the Gorillas (Tarzan of the Apes) was released in the United States. Actor Elmo Lincoln became the first Tarzan of the big screen.
• 1923 – Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who came to Izmir, KarşıyakaHe got off the train in .
• 1926 - John Logie Baird makes the first television broadcast.
• 1934 - Camille Chautemps resigns in France. The new government was formed by Édouard Daladier.
• 1934 – İpek Film Studio opened a script competition.
• 1937 – At the League of Nations meeting in Geneva, the independence of Hatay was accepted.
• 1940 – The National Protection Law was published in the Official Gazette.
• 1941 – II. In World War II, the British entered Eritrea.
• 1943 - Taxpayers who did not pay the Wealth Tax were sent to labor camps to "pay off their debts by working physically". The first convoy of 32 people, all non-Muslims from Istanbul, set out for Aşkale.
• 1945 – Soviet Union's Red Army units capture the German-established Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration and Extermination Camp in Poland.
• 1947 – Religious education was allowed outside of educational institutions.
• 1948 – The first tape recorder goes on sale.
• 1954 – The law combining Village Institutes and Primary Teachers' Schools under the name of "Primary Teacher Schools" was accepted in the Parliament. Thus, the Village Institutes were closed.
• 1954 – Nation Party was closed; It was claimed that it was a party based on religion and concealing its purpose, and its leaders were sentenced to one day's imprisonment and a fine of 250 cents each.
• 1956 – Foreign oil company Mobil became the first company to obtain an oil exploration license in Turkey.
• 1958 – 10 thousand Turks demonstrated in favor of “Taksim” in Cyprus. British soldiers marched on the community with armored vehicles, injured.
• 1965 – Ord. prof. Ali Fuat Başgil was asked to be imprisoned for 5 years. Ali Fuat Başgil had published a book in French called May 27 Military Revolution in Switzerland.
• 1967 – Ankara University Faculty of Political Sciences students started a boycott to protest the provisions of the new regulation.
• 1967 – The Apollo-1 spacecraft burns down during testing at Kennedy Space Center: Astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward Higgins White and Roger Chaffee die.
• 1969 – The Little Opera Theater in Aksaray, Istanbul was completely burned down.
• 1969 – A strike started in 5 more factories affiliated to the Turkish Textile, Knitting and Clothing Industry Workers' Union (TEKSİF). 7915 workers left their jobs.
• 1971 - Amasya Provincial Chairman of the Workers' Party of Turkey, Şerafettin Atalay, was killed.
• 1972 – Süleyman Demirel said, “Attempting to change the regime is not a political crime”.
• 1973 - The United States and Vietnam sign a ceasefire agreement.
• 1973 – Turkey's Consul General in Los Angeles Mehmet Baydar and Consul Bahadır Demir were killed by the Armenian organization ASALA.
• 1974 – EOKA leader Yorgo Grivas, who wanted to give Cyprus to Greece, died of a heart attack in Cyprus, he was 75 when he died.
• 1980 – Historical Markiz Patisserie in Beyoğlu was closed. The Marquise was reopened on December 23, 2003.
• 1983 – The world's longest (53,9 km) undersea tunnel, the Seikan Tunnel, was opened. The tunnel connects the Japanese islands of Honshu and Hokkaido.
• 1984 – The death penalty decision for İbrahim Çiftçi, who was accused of murdering Ankara Deputy Public Prosecutor Doğan Öz, was overturned by the Supreme Court. İbrahim Çiftçi, who had been in prison for six years, was released.
• 1988 – Server Tanilli's What Kind of Democracy Do We Want? book was collected.
• 1991 - Somali dictator Siad Barre fled the country after rebels captured the Capital Mogadishu.
• 1994 – Interior Minister Nahit Menteşe announced that a citizen named Vakkas Dost, who was detained in Istanbul Kumkapı Police Station, was beaten to death by police officer Nurettin Öztürk.
• 1994 – There was an explosion in the Ankara representation of Özgür Gündem newspaper. Molotov cocktails were thrown at the newspaper's Ankara News Center.
• 1995 – Dev-Sol leader Dursun Karataş, who has been in prison in Paris since September 1994, was released in 1995. Dursun Karataş was arrested while entering France with a false identity.
• 1995 – The Convention on the Rights of the Child was accepted by Turkey with a reservation.
• 1996 – Greek and Turkish journalists planted separate flags on Kardak rocks off Bodrum, creating tension between Turkey and Greece.
• 1996 – The Cable Car, which has been in service in Bursa since 1963, was privatized.
• 2000 – In the case known to the public as the Second Manisa case, in which 10 defendants, 14 of whom were imprisoned, were tried and the Supreme Court overturned the procedure twice, and the defendants were sentenced to prison terms ranging from 2 years, 6 months to 15 years.
• 2010 – Apple's boss, Steve Jobs, introduced the iPad, the multifunctional tablet computer between portable computer and smartphone, which has been expected for months.
• 2014 – Israeli airstrike on Syria.

Births

• 1571 – Abbas I, 5th ruler of the Safavid Dynasty (d. 1629)
• 1585 – Hendrick Avercamp, Dutch painter (d. 1634)
• 1662 – Richard Bentley, English theologian and critic (d. 1742)
• 1679 – Jean François de Troy, French Rococo painter and tapestry designer (d. 1752)
• 1756 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer (d. 1791)
• 1775 – Friedrich Schelling, German Idealist thinker (d. 1854)
• 1808 – David Strauss, German theologian and philosopher (d. 1874)
• 1814 – Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, French architect and theorist (d. 1879)
• 1820 – Juan Crisóstomo Falcón, President of Venezuela (d. 1870)
• 1823 – Edouard Lalo, French composer (d. 1892)
• 1826 – Mikhail Yevgrafovich Saltykov-Schedrin, Russian satirist and novelist (d. 1889)
• 1832 – Lewis Carroll, English writer, mathematician, and logician (d. 1898)
• 1832 – Arthur Hughes, English painter and illustrator (d. 1915)
• 1836 – Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian writer (d. 1895)
• 1848 – Tōgō Heihachirō, Admiral of the Japanese Fleet (d. 1934)
• 1850 – Edward Smith, British naval officer (d. 1912)
• 1852 – Fulgence Bienvenue, French civil engineer (d. 1936)
• 1859 – II. Wilhelm, Emperor of Germany (d. 1941)
• 1859 – Pavel Milyukov, Russian historian and liberal politician (d. 1943)
• 1860 – Gabriele Possanner, Austrian physician (d. 1940)
• 1868 Arthur Brofeldt, Finnish politician (d. 1928)
• 1878 – Olympe Démarez, French lawyer (d. 1964)
• 1881 – Sveinn Björnsson, first President of Iceland (d. 1952)
• 1883 – Gottfried Feder, German economist and one of the 6 founders of the NSDAP (d. 1941)
• 1886 – Frank Nitti, Italian mafia leader (d. 1943)
• 1888 – Victor Goldschmidt, Norwegian mineralogist (d. 1947)
• 1888 George Relph, English actor (d. 1960)
• 1890 – Mauno Pekkala, Prime Minister of Finland (d. 1952)
• 1893 – Song Qingling, Chinese president (d. 1981)
• 1898 – Erich Zepler, Jewish electronic engineer and chess composer (d. 1980)
• 1903 – John Carew Eccles, Australian neurophysiologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1997)
• 1905 – Burhan Atak, Turkish football player (d. 1987)
• 1910 – Edvard Kardelj, revolutionary politician and founder of Yugoslav Marxism (d. 1979)
• 1910 – Felix Candela, Spanish/Mexican architect (d.1997)
• 1919 – Hüseyin Peyda, Turkish film actor (d. 1990)
• 1921 – Donna Reed, American actress (d. 1986)
• 1924 – Rauf Denktaş, founder of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and politician (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Ingrid Thulin, Swedish actress (d. 2004)
• 1928 – Marie Daëms, French actress (d.2016)
• 1931 – Gazanfer Özcan, Turkish theater and cinema artist (d. 2009)
• 1932 – Boris Anfiyanovich Shahlin, Soviet gymnast (three Olympic gold medalists and 10-time world champion) (d. 2008)
• 1934 - Edith Cresson, first female Prime Minister of France
• 1936 – Samuel CC Ting, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics
• 1942 – Tasuku Honjo, Japanese scientist, immunologist, and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine
• 1940 – Ahmet Kurtcebe Alptemoçin, Turkish politician, former Bursa deputy and businessman
• 1944 – Mairead Corrigan, Irish social worker (founder of the People of Peace Organization uniting Catholics and Protestants and co-winner of the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize with Betty Williams)
• 1944 – Nick Mason, English musician and drummer for Pink Floyd
• 1948 – Mikhail Baryshnikov, Russian dancer
• 1948 – Valeri Brainin, Russian-German music manager, musicologist, composer and poet
• 1955 – Nilgün Özhan Kasapbaşoğlu, Turkish theater, film actress and voice actor
• 1955 – Burhanettin Kocamaz, Turkish politician
• 1957 – Frank Miller, American comics writer, writer, and film director
• 1964 – Lale Başar, Turkish theater, TV series and movie actress
• 1965 – Attila Sekerlioglu, Turkish-Austrian football player and coach
• 1965 – Oktay Kaynarca, Turkish cinema, theater and TV series actor
• 1969 – Süleyman Atanisev, Turkish theater actor
• 1970 – Heather Nauert, American journalist and diplomat
• 1974 – Ole Einar Bjørndalen, Norwegian biathlete
• 1980 – Austin O'Riley, American nude model and pornographic film actor
• 1987 – Lupe Fuentes, American nude model and pornographic film actress
• 1992 – Jean Acosta Soares, Brazilian football player
• 1997 – Betül Kutlu, Turkish basketball player

Deaths

• 98 – Nerva, Roman emperor (b. 30)
• 308 – Saint Nino, the saint who spread Christianity in Georgia (b. 296)
• 1635 – Nef'i, Turkish poet (b. 1572)
• 1731 – Bartolomeo Cristofori, Italian musical instrument maker (b. 1655)
• 1814 – Johann Gottlieb Fichte, German philosopher (b. 1762)
• 1851 – John James Audubon, American painter (b. 1785)
• 1901 – Giuseppe Verdi, Italian composer (b. 1813)
• 1913 – Ebüzziya Tevfik Bey, Turkish journalist, writer, publisher and calligrapher (b. 1849)
• 1922 – Nellie Bly, American journalist (b. 1864)
• 1922 – Giovanni Verga, Italian writer (b. 1840)
• 1930 – Leonardo de Mango, Italian painter (b. 1843)
• 1933 – Charles Ernest Overton, British biophysicist and pharmacologist (b. 1865)
• 1939 – Salih Münir Pasha, Turkish diplomat and former Ambassador to Paris (b. 1859)
• 1940 – Isaac Babel, Soviet-Russian writer (b. 1894)
• 1949 – Boris Vladimirovich Asafiev, Russian musicologist and composer (b. 1884)
• 1967 – Luigi Tenco, Italian musician (b. 1938)
• 1972 – Sefik Inan, Turkish politician (b. 1913)
• 1974 – Georgios Grivas, Cypriot soldier and leader of the Greek terrorist organization EOKA (b. 1898)
• 1974 – Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg, German soldier (b. 1886)
• 1974 – Rudolf Dassler, founder of Puma (b. 1898)
• 1978 – Uğur Güçlü, Turkish film actor (b. 1942)
• 1983 – Louis de Funès, French film actor (b. 1914)
• 2008 – Suharto, President of Indonesia (b. 1921)
• 2009 – John Updike, American novelist (b. 1932)
• 2010 – Howard Zinn, American historian (b. 1922)
• 2010 – Jerome David Salinger, American novelist (b. 1919)
• 2011 – Öner Ünalan, Turkish writer, translator and researcher (b. 1935)
• 2014 – Pete Seeger, American human rights activist and singer (b. 1919)
• 2015 – Charles Townes, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1915)
• 2017 – Brunhilde Pomsel, German radio broadcaster and news reporter (b. 1911)
• 2018 – Ingvar Kamprad, Swedish businessman and founder of IKEA (b. 1926)
• 2021 – Cloris Leachman, American actress, comedian, and Academy Award winner for Best Supporting Actress (b. 1926)
• 2021 – Mihrdad Minavend, Iranian football player and manager (b. 1975)
• 2021 – Efraín Ruales, Ecuadorian actor, television presenter, model and musician (b. 1984)

Holidays and special occasions

• International Holocaust Remembrance Day