October 28 is the 301th (302th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 64.
Railways
- October 28, 1890 The concession of the Thessaloniki-Monastic Line was given to M. Alfred Kaulla, acting on behalf of a German-group affiliated with Deutsch Bank.
- 28 October 1918 El Muazzam station and Mebreke-tu'n-Naka were evacuated. Then the last north station, Medayin-i Salih, was abandoned.
- 28 October 1944 The first train trip between Diyarbakır and Kurtalan started.
- 28 October 1961 A test tour was made in the streets of Devrim Carsi Ankara, which was built in Eskişehir Railway Factory.
- 1848 – The first railway in Spain was put into service between Barcelona and Mataró.
Events
- 1492 - Christopher Columbus discovers Cuba and seizes it on behalf of Spain.
- 1516 – The Ottoman Army under the Grand Vizier Hadim Sinan Pasha defeated the Mamluks near Gaza.
- 1538 – The first university of the New World Universidad Santo Tomas de Aquino was established.
- 1636 – Harvard, the first American university, is established.
- 1886 - The Statue of Liberty was erected in New York as a gift from the French.
- 1893 - Tchaikovsky's No. 6 Pathetic The premiere of his symphony was held in Saint Petersburg, just nine days before the composer's death.
- 1908 – The Armenian newspaper Jamanak began to be published in Istanbul.
- 1918 – Czechoslovakia gains independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
- 1923 – Mustafa Kemal Pasha, at the dinner he gave at the Çankaya Mansion, said, “Tomorrow we will proclaim the Republic”.
- 1927 – The first census was held in Turkey.
- 1937 – Prime Minister İsmet İnönü inaugurated the parachute tower in Ankara.
- 1938 – Ankara Radio was put into service.
- 1940 – II. World War II: Italy invades Greece via Albania.
- 1941 – In Lithuania, German SS troops shot over 9000 Jews in the square of the city of Kaunas.
- 1943 - Philadelphia Experiment: It is claimed that the American navy conducted an experiment in the port of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- 1948 - Swiss chemist Paul Hermann Müller was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of the insecticidal properties of DDT.
- 1960 – Istanbul University Rector Sıddık Sami Onar and Istanbul Technical University Rector Fikret Narter resigned, protesting the National Unity Committee's dismissal of 147 faculty members.
- 1961 – Maksim Casino was opened, which hosted many artists such as Zeki Müren, Behiye Aksoy, Gönül Yazar, Seçil Heper for years.
- 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviet Union leader Nikita Khrushchev announced that they would remove their missile bases in Cuba.
- 1981 - Heavy metal band Metallica was formed in San Francisco.
- 1982 - Socialists led by Felipe González win a major victory in the Spanish elections.
- 1984 - The Communist Party of China announces that free enterprise and competition will be allowed in order to improve the economic situation.
- 1986 – The results of the 23rd Golden Orange Film Festival have been announced. “Aaah Belinda” directed by Atıf Yılmaz won the Golden Orange.
- 1991 – Islamic Jihad organization carried out two bomb attacks in Ankara; An American officer was killed and an Egyptian diplomat was wounded.
- 1993 – 57 of the armed militants who attacked the Üzümlü Gendarmerie Border Division in Hakkari were killed. 10 privates died in the conflict.
- 1995 – The world's deadliest subway accident occurred in Baku. 28 people, 300 of them children, died and 265 were injured. Three days of mourning was declared across Azerbaijan.
- 1998 – Esenboğa Airport hosted 13 presidents on the same day for the first time in its history. Presidents of foreign countries came to Ankara for the ceremonies of the 75th anniversary of the Republic.
- 2009 – A car bomb explodes in a market place in Peshawar, Pakistan; 105 people were killed and more than 200 injured.
- 2010 – The foundation of the Gebze – İzmir Motorway Project was laid.
Births
- 1017 – III. Heinrich, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1056)
- 1466 – Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch writer and philosopher (d. 1536)
- 1868 James Brendan Connolly, American athlete (d. 1957)
- 1837 – Hitotsubashi Yoshinobu, Japanese soldier and politician (d. 1913)
- 1845 – Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski, Polish chemist and physicist (d. 1888)
- 1897 - Hans Speidel, II. German general during World War II (d. 1984)
- 1902 – Elsa Lanchester, English actress (d. 1986)
- 1903 Evelyn Waugh, English writer (d. 1966)
- 1909 – Francis Bacon, English painter (d. 1992)
- 1909 – Arturo Frondizi, Argentine politician (d. 1980)
- 1914 – Jonas Salk, American physician and bacteriologist (d. 1995)
- 1914 – Richard Laurence Millington Synge, British biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (d. 1994)
- 1921 – Necdet Koyutürk, Turkish tango musician, composer and conductor (d. 1988)
- 1929 – Virginia Potter, philosopher who studied leadership ethics, social-politics, and feminism
- 1929 - Joan Plowright, English actress
- 1930 - Bernie Ecclestone, president and CEO of Formula 1
- 1932 – Spiros Kyprianou, Cypriot politician (d. 2002)
- 1933 – Manuel Francisco dos Santos (Garrincha), Brazilian football player (d. 1983)
- 1936 – Charlie Daniels, American country singer and songwriter (d. 2020)
- 1937 – Lenny Wilkens, American former professional basketball player and coach
- 1939 – Jane Alexander is an American actress and writer.
- 1940 – Ömer Akbel, Turkish ambassador (d. 2015)
- 1946 – Wim Jansen is a Dutch former football player.
- 1948 – Telma Hopkins, American voice actress
- 1949 – Caitlyn Jenner, American television personality, author, and retired decathlete
- 1952 - Anne Potts is an American actress.
- 1953 – Bernd Drechsel, German Olympic wrestler (d.2017)
- 1955 – Bill Gates, American software developer, businessman, founder and owner of Microsoft company
- 1955 – Indra Nooyi, President and CEO of PepsiCo
- 1956 - Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of Iran
- 1956 – Volker Zotz, Austrian writer
- 1957 – Ahmet Kaya, Turkish folk music and original music artist, singer and composer (d. 2000)
- 1962 – Daphne Zuniga, American actress
- 1963 – Lauren Holly, American-Canadian actress
- 1963 – Eros Ramazzotti, Italian singer
- 1965 – Jami Gertz, American actress
- 1966 – Andy Richter, American comedian and actor
- 1967 – Julia Roberts, American actress and Oscar winner
- 1969 – Ben Harper, American musician
- 1969 – Javier Grillo-Marxuach, Puerto Rico-born screenwriter and TV producer
- 1970 – Yıldız Kaplan, Turkish singer, actress and model
- 1972 – Brad Paisley, American songwriter and musician
- 1973 – Montel Vontavious Porter, American professional wrestler
- 1974 – Joaquin Phoenix, American actor, producer, and Oscar winner
- 1974 – Dayanara Torres, Puerto Rican model and actress
- 1976 – Luka Peroš, Croatian actor.
- 1979 – Atif Emir Benderlioğlu, Turkish photographer, graphic designer and actor
- 1979 – Olcay Cetinkaya, Turkish football player
- 1979 – Jawed Karim is a Bangladeshi-German-born American computer scientist and internet entrepreneur.
- 1979 – Natina Reed, American rapper, singer, and songwriter (d. 2012)
- 1980 – Milan Baros, Czech football player
- 1980 – Christy Hemme, American actress, singer, manager, and former professional wrestler
- 1980 – Agnes Obel, Danish singer-songwriter, pianist
- 1980 - Alan Smith, English football player
- 1981 – Milan Baroš, Czech former football player
- 1982 – Hironori Saruta, Japanese former football player
- 1982 – Matt Smith, English actor
- 1983 – Jarrett Jack, American professional basketball player
- 1984 – Obafemi Martins, Nigerian football player
- 1984 – Finn Wittrock, American actor and screenwriter
- 1986 - Bianca Gascoigne, British model
- 1986 – Aki Toyosaki, Japanese voice actor and singer
- 1987 – Frank Ocean, American singer, songwriter, and producer
- 1988 – Go Eun-ah, South Korean actress
- 1988 - Devon Murray, Irish actor
- 1989 – Rahman Bilici, Turkish Greco-Roman wrestler
- 1989 – Camille Muffat, French freestyle swimmer (d. 2015)
- 1991 - Lucy Bronze is an English footballer.
- 1994 – Andrew Harrison, American professional basketball player
- 1995 – An Ye-seul, South Korean singer
- 1996 – Jasmine Jessica Anthony, American actress
Deaths
- 312 – Maxentius, Roman Emperor (b. ~278)
- 457 - Ibas of Edessa, bishop of the city of Edessa with interruptions between 435 and 457
- 1310 – Athanasios I served as Patriarch of Constantinople for two terms, from 1289 to 1293 and from 1303 to 1309 (b. 1230)
- 1412 – Margaret I of Denmark, Norway, Queen of Sweden (b. 1353)
- 1568 – Ashikaga Yoshihide, 14th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate (b. 1538)
- 1591 – Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Dutch diplomat serving for the Austrian Monarchy (b. 1522)
- 1627 – Cihangir, Mughal Emperor (b. 1569)
- 1704 – John Locke, English philosopher (b. 1632)
- 1708 – George was the husband of Queen Anne, who reigned in Great Britain from 1702 to 1714 (b. 1653)
- 1740 – Anna Ivanovna, Russian Tsarina (b. 1693)
- 1880 – Édouard Séguin, French-American psychiatrist (introducing modern methods for the education of the severely handicapped) (b. 1812)
- 1900 – Max Müller, German philologist and orientalist (b. 1823)
- 1916 – Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist and astronomer (b. 1838)
- 1916 – Oswald Boelcke, Ace Pilot of the German Empire during World War I (b. 1891)
- 1918 – Ulisse Dini, Italian mathematician and politician (b. 1845)
- 1923 – Joe Roberts, American silent actor (b. 1871)
- 1929 – Bernhard von Bülow, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1849)
- 1938 – Lascelles Abercrombie, English poet and literary critic (b. 1881)
- 1939 – Alice Brady, American actress (b. 1892)
- 1949 – Nafi Atuf Kansu, Turkish educator and politician (b. 1890)
- 1957 – Ernst Gräfenberg, German physician, scientist, and developer of the RIA (Intrauterine Device) (b. 1881)
- 1959 – Camilo Cienfuegos, Cuban revolutionary (b. 1932)
- 1973 – Taha Hussein, Egyptian writer (b. 1889)
- 1975 – Georges Carpentier, French boxer (b. 1894)
- 1977 – Ratip Tahir Burak, Turkish cartoonist and comic book illustrator (b. 1904)
- 1978 – Agâh Sırrı Levend, Turkish literary historian and writer (b. 1893)
- 1881 – Meriwether Lewis Clark Sr., American architect, civil engineer, and politician (b. 1809)
- 1987 – André Masson, French painter (b. 1896)
- 1998 – Ted Hughes, English writer, poet and children's writer 1930)
- 1998 – Thomas Flowers, English engineer and designer of the Colossus (b. 1905)
- 1999 – Antonios Katinaris, Greek rebetico and Laiko musician (b. 1931)
- 2005 – Richard Smalley, American scientist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1943)
- 2005 – Tahsin Özgüç, Turkish archaeologist and academic (b. 1916)
- 2008 – Hüsamettin Bozok, Turkish writer and journalist (b. 1916)
- 2010 – James MacArthur, American actor (b. 1937)
- 2013 – Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Polish journalist, politician and statesman (b. 1927)
- 2013 – Tomris Oğuzalp, Turkish actor and voice actor (b. 1932)
- 2014 – Michael Sata, Zambian politician (b. 1937)
- 2016 – Nicholas Brathwaite, former prime minister of Grenada and diploma (b. 1925)
- 2017 – Manuel Sanchís Martínez, Spanish international football player and manager (b. 1938)
- 2018 – Konstantīns Konstantinovs, Latvian-Russian weightlifter (b. 1978)
- 2019 – Annick Alane, French stage, film and television actress (b. 1925)
- 2019 – Al Bianchi, American basketball player (b. 1932)
- 2020 – Bobby Ball, English comedian, actor and singer (b. 1944)
- 2020 – Miguel Ángel Castellini, Argentine professional boxer (b. 1947)
- 2020 – Leanza Cornett, American former beauty queen, television host, actress, and singer (b. 1971)
- 2020 – Gurgen Egiazaryan, Armenian politician and writer (b. 1948)
- 2020 – Billy Joe Shaver, American country singer, songwriter, and guitarist (b. 1939)
- 2020 – Tracy Smothers, American professional wrestler (b. 1962)
Holidays and special occasions
- Storm: Fish Storm
- World Animation Day
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