Today in History: Sakarya Pitched Battle Ended with Turkish Victory

September 13 is the 256th (257th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 109.

Railways

• 13 September 1993 Afyon 7. Regional Directorate was opened.

Events 

• 490 BC – Battle of Marathon takes place.
• 1521 – Spanish occupation of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, under the command of Cortes.
• 1647 - Italian mathematician and physicist Evangelista Torricelli invented the barometer.
• 1788 - Denmark invades Sweden.
• 1921 – The Battle of Sakarya ends with the Turkish victory.
• 1922 – Liberation of Soma from Greek occupation. On the same day, the Izmir Fire, which will last until September 17, was started by the Greeks.
• 1923 – General Miguel Primo de Rivera seized power in Spain in a coup.
• 1937 – The Dersim Operation was completed.
• 1943 - Chiang Kai-shek becomes the first President of the Republic of China.
• 1959 – The Soviet unmanned space rocket Luna 2 was the first man-made object to reach the Moon, but crashed into the Moon's floor.
• 1968 – Albania secedes from the Warsaw Pact.
• 1980 – Kenan Evren assumed the Presidency of Turkey. In the statement made by the National Security Council; It was reported that EP Chairperson Süleyman Demirel, MSP Chairperson Necmettin Erbakan and CHP Chairperson Bülent Ecevit were secured.
• 2002 – In Algeria, Islamist militants killed 11 civilians on the road to Northern Algeria.

Births 

• 1087 – II. John, Byzantine emperor between 1118 and 1143 (d. 1143)
• 1475 – Cesare Borgia, Pope VI. He was the illegitimate son of Alexander and a member of the Borgia Dynasty (d. 1507)
• 1583 – Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian musician and composer (d. 1643)
• 1739 – Grigoriy Potyomkin, Russian general and statesman (d. 1791)
• 1755 – Oliver Evans, American inventor (d. 1819)
• 1802 – Arnold Ruge, German philosopher and political writer (d. 1880)
• 1818 – Gustave Aimard, French writer (d. 1883)
• 1819 – Clara Schumann, German pianist and composer (d. 1896)
• 1842 – John Hollis Bankhead, American politician and Senator (d. 1920)
• 1851 – Walter Reed, American bacteriologist (d. 1902)
• 1857 – Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate maker (d. 1945)
• 1860 – John J. Pershing, American soldier (d. 1948)
• 1873 – Konstantin Karatodori, Greek-German mathematician (d. 1950)
• 1874 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (developing the 12-tone method in music) (d. 1951)
• 1876 ​​Sherwood Anderson, American author (d. 1941)
• 1886 – Robert Robinson, English chemist (d. 1975)
• 1887 – Ramón Grau, Cuban physician and politician (d. 1969)
• 1887 – Lavoslav Ružička, Croatian scientist (d. 1976)
• 1903 – Claudette Colbert, American actress (d. 1996)
• 1908 – Karolos Koun, Greek theater director born in the Ottoman Empire (d. 1987)
• 1911 – Bill Monroe, American mandolist, singer, and songwriter (d. 1996)
• 1912 – Reta Shaw, American actress (d. 1982)
• 1916 – Roald Dahl, Welsh novelist and short story writer (d. 1990)
• 1922 – Yma Sumac, Peruvian-American soprano (d. 2008)
• 1924 – Maurice Jarre, French composer (d. 2009)
• 1927 – Laura Cardoso, Brazilian actress
• 1928 – Diane Foster, Canadian athlete
• 1931 - Barbara Bain, American actress, dancer, and model
• 1936 – Stefano Delle Chiaie, Italian neo-fascist (d. 2019)
• 1936 – Coral Atkins, English actress
• 1939 – Richard Kiel, American actor, comedian, writer, producer, and presenter (d. 2014)
• 1940 – Óscar Arias, Costa Rican politician
• 1941 – Tadao Andō, Japanese architect
• 1941 – Ahmet Necdet Sezer, Turkish lawyer and 10th President of Turkey
• 1942 – Sait Sökmen, Turkish ballet dancer of Guinean descent (Turkey's first ballet choreographer)
• 1944 - Jacqueline Bisset, English actress
• 1948 – Nell Carter, American singer and actress (d. 2003)
• 1951 – Salva Kiir Mayardit, South Sudanese soldier, guerrilla leader and politician
• 1951 – Jean Smart, American actress
• 1954 – Serra Yılmaz, Turkish theater, cinema, TV series actress and translator
• 1956 – Joni Sledge, American pop-dance singer, producer, and songwriter (d. 2017)
• 1958 – Ayşenur Yazıcı, Turkish presenter and writer
• 1960 – Abdulkerim Durmaz, Turkish football player and coach
• 1960 – Kevin Carter, South African photographer and Pulitzer Prize winner (suicide) (d. 1994)
• 1961 – Dave Mustaine, American musician
• 1963 – Yuri Alexandrov, Russian lightweight boxer (d. 2013)
• 1965 – Fikri Işık, Turkish politician and lawyer
• 1966 – Maria Furtwängler, German actress
• 1967 – Michael Johnson, American athlete
• 1967 – Tim S. Owens, American heavy metal vocalist
• 1969 – Tyler Perry, American actor, producer
• 1970 – Martín Herrera, former Argentine goalkeeper
• 1970 – Louise Lombard, English actress
• 1971 – Stella McCartney, British fashion designer
• 1973 – Christine Arron, French former athlete
• 1973 – Fabio Cannavaro, Italian football player
• 1975 – Serkan Ercan, Turkish cinema, theater actor and TV presenter
• 1976 – Puma Swede, Swedish pornographic actress and stripper
• 1977 Fiona Apple, American musician
• 1978 – Swizz Beatz, American hip hop producer and rapper
• 1980 – Han Chae-young, a South Korean actress
• 1980 – Nicky Salapu, American Samoan football player
• 1980 – Tomáš Zápotočný, Czech football player
• 1981 - Lauren Williams, Canadian professional wrestler
• 1982 – Nene is a Brazilian professional basketball player.
• 1984 – Burcu Altin Akdogan, Turkish actress
• 1984 – Baron Corbin, American professional wrestler
• 1985 – Nikola Mikić, Serbian football player
• 1986 – Kamui Kobayashi, Japanese racing driver
• 1986 – Sean Williams, American professional basketball player
• 1987 – Jonathan de Guzmán, Canadian-born Dutch football player
• 1987 – Tsvetana Pironkova is a professional Bulgarian tennis player.
• 1989 – Thomas Müller, German football player
• 1990 – Luciano Narsingh, Dutch national football player
• 1991 – Ksenia Afanasyeva, Russian artistic gymnast
• 1992 – Alexander David González, Venezuelan football player
• 1993 – Niall Horan, Irish singer-songwriter
• 1993 – Alice Merton is a German-born pop singer with Canadian-British citizenship.
• 1994 – Leonar Andrade, Portuguese singer
• 1994 – Sepp Kuss, American cyclist
• 1994 – RM, South Korean rapper
• 1995 – Robbie Kay, English actor
• 1995 – Jerry Tollbring, Swedish handball player
• 1997 – Abdinur Mohamud, Somali football player

Deaths 

• 81 – Titus Flavius ​​Vespasianus, Roman Emperor (b. 39)
• 531 – Kubad I, son of Firuz I, ruler of the Sassanid Empire between 488-531 (b. 473)
• 1506 – Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter (b. circa 1431)
• 1592 – Michel de Montaigne, French writer and thinker (b. 1533)
• 1598 – II. Felipe, King of Spain (b. 1527)
• 1705 – Tökeli İmre, Hungarian King (who took refuge in the Ottoman Empire) (b. 1657)
• 1759 – James Wolfe, British Army officer (b. 1727)
• 1848 – Nicolas Charles Oudinot, French soldier and one of Napoleon I's 26 field marshals in the Napoleonic Wars (b. 1767)
• 1871 – Şinasi, Ottoman journalist, publisher, poet and playwright (b. 1826)
• 1872 – Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach, German philosopher (b. 1804)
• 1894 – Emmanuel Chabrier, French composer and pianist (b. 1841)
• 1905 – René Goblet, French politician (b. 1828)
• 1912 – Nogi Maresuke, general in the Imperial Japanese Army (b. 1849)
• 1928 – Italo Svevo, Italian writer (b. 1861)
• 1931 – Lili Elbe, Danish transgender woman and one of the first people known to have had sex reassignment surgery (b. 1882)
• 1946 – Amon Leopold Göth, German SS officer and World War II. Commander of the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp in Poland during World War II (executed) (b. 1908)
• 1949 – August Krogh, Danish zoologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1874)
• 1959 – Israel Rokah, Mayor of Tel Aviv (b. 1896)
• 1967 – Mohammed bin Laden, Saudi Arabian businessman (b. 1906)
• 1967 – Şerif Muhittin Targan, Turkish composer, oud and cello virtuoso and portrait painter (b. 1892)
• 1968 – Joseph Pholien, Belgian Catholic politician (b. 1884)
• 1970 – Refik Ahmet Sevengil, Turkish journalist and theater historian (b. 1903)
• 1971 – Lin Biao, Chinese soldier and politician (plane crash) (b. 1907)
• 1977 – Leopold Stokowski, British conductor (b. 1882)
• 1987 – Mervyn LeRoy, American film director, producer, writer, and actress (b. 1900)
• 1989 – İsmail Rüştü Aksal, Turkish politician (b. 1911)
• 1991 – Metin Oktay, Turkish football player (b. 1936)
• 1996 – Tupac Amaru Shakur, American rapper and Hip-Hop artist (b. 1971)
• 1998 – Necdet Calp, Turkish bureaucrat and politician (founding Chairman of the People's Party (b. 1922)
• 2001 – Dorothy McGuire, American actress (b. 1916)
• 2008 – Kemal Kafalı, Turkish engineer, scientist and educator (b. 1921)
• 2011 – Walter Bonatti, Italian mountaineer, traveler and journalist (b. 1930)
• 2011 – Richard Hamilton, English painter and collage artist (b. 1922)
• 2011 – DJ Mehdi, French hip hop musician and DJ (b. 1977)
• 2012 – Dilhan Eryurt was a Turkish astrophysicist (b. 1926)
• 2014 – Milan Galic, Yugoslav football player (b. 1938)
• 2015 – Moses Malone, Former American professional basketball player (b. 1955)
• 2017 – Grant Hart is an American rock musician and singer (b. 1961)
• 2017 – Saby Kamalich, Peruvian-Mexican television and film actress (b. 1939)
• 2017 – Frank Vincent, American actor, musician, and author (b. 1937)
• 2018 – Roman Baskin is an Estonian actor and film director (b. 1954)
• 2018 – Roxana Darín, Argentinean actress (b. 1931)
• 2018 – Marin Mazzie, American actress and singer (b. 1960)
• 2018 – John Wilcock, English journalist and author (b.1927)
• 2019 – Cynthia Cockburn, British academic, feminist and activist (b. 1934)
• 2019 – Paul Cronin, Australian actor (b. 1938)
• 2019 – Bruno Grandi, Former Italian gymnast and sports administrator (b. 1934)
• 2019 – Györg Konrád, Hungarian philosopher, novelist and essayist (b. 1933)
• 2019 – Eddie Money, American rock, pop artist and songwriter (b. 1949)
• 2020 – Bernard Debré, French right-wing politician and urologist (b. 1944)
• 2020 – Said Ali Kemal, Comorian politician (b. 1938)
• 2020 – Raghuvansh Prasad Singh, Indian politician (b. 1946)

Holidays and special occasions 

• Storm : Tea Storm